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Ricky Hill

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For the Arkansas politician, see Ricky Hill (politician).

Ricky Hill
Ricky Hill (2012)
Personal information
Full name Ricky Anthony Hill
Date of birth (1959-03-05) 5 March 1959 (age 65)
Place of birth Hammersmith, London, England
Height 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m)[1]
Position(s) Midfielder
Team information
Current team
 Turks and Caicos Islands (head coach)
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1976–1989 Luton Town 506 (54)
1989–1990 Le Havre 20 (1)
1990–1991 Leicester City 16 (1)
1992 Tampa Bay Rowdies
1993–1994 Chertsey Town
1994–1995 Cocoa Expos
International career
1977 England Youth 2 (0)
1982–1986 England 3 (0)
Managerial career
1992 Tampa Bay Rowdies[2]
1994–1995 Cocoa Expos
1996–1999 Sheffield Wednesday U16-19
1999–2000 Tottenham Hotspur U16-17
2000 Luton Town
2003–2005 San Juan Jabloteh
2011–2014 Tampa Bay Rowdies
2022 Montego Bay United
2023– Turks and Caicos Islands
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

Ricky Hill (born 5 March 1959) is an English football coach and a former player who is the manager of the Turks and Caicos Islands national team. He spent most of his playing career at Luton Town FC for 14 years, while representing England at Senior, U21 and U18 International levels.[3] Hill was the fourth Black player to play for England’s Senior National team and the first British South Asian to represent England at the Senior level.[4] Hill began his managerial career as a Player/Coach with the Tampa Bay Rowdies in 1992[5] and in that season saw the Rowdies appear in both the League Championship final and the Professional Cup final,[6] in addition to Hill also being awarded ‘Coach of the Year’ amongst other notable player accolades such as Best Passer and All-Star First Team.[7][8] Spanning 25 years managing various professional clubs across the US, UK, and the Caribbean, Hill made 4 US championship appearances at the professional level, reinforcing his standing as one of the most successful Black coaches in the history of US professional soccer.[4] Most recently, Hill authored Love of the Game – Ricky Hill: The Man Who Brought the Rooney Rule to the UK[4] which was nominated as a finalist for the 2022 Sports Books Awards[9] in association with The Sunday Times (UK).

Early life

[edit]

Ricky Hill was born on 5 March 1959 of mixed ancestry.[4] While Hill's mother is Jamaican, his father’s family is originally from the city of Lucknow in India.[4] His paternal great-grandparents moved to Jamaica from India shortly after the turn of the 20th century.[4] Hill's father Joseph, one of 11 children, eventually moved to London where he married Hill's mother Doris, a Jamaican whom Joseph had previously attended school alongside in Jamaica.[4]

Hill grew up in the London Borough of Brent, in Cricklewood - not far from Wembley Stadium.[4] A talented footballer in his early years, Hill attended Anson Road Primary and John Kelly Boys School (now known as the Crest Boys Academy) in Neasden.[4]  Whilst at John Kelly, Hill was a teammate of former Arsenal and Brighton Hove Albion player Steve Gatting.[10]

At 15, Hill signed schoolboy forms with Luton Town FC in 1974 after being scouted playing for John Kelly Boys at a game in Hitchin where Luton coaches Roy McCrohan, David Pleat, and Danny Bergara were in attendance.[4]

Playing career

[edit]

1975 to 1989 (Luton Town FC - UK)

[edit]

Ricky Hill joined Luton Town FC in 1975, and made 506 League and Cup appearances, scoring 54 goals in the process from 1976 to 1989.[3] At 17, one month after signing professional terms, Hill came on as a substitute in a Second Division game (now known as the Championship in the UK) where he scored a goal and made a goal assist in twenty-two minutes in a 3-1 victory over Bristol Rovers FC.[11]

Ricky Hill (1985)

Hill spent 14 years at Luton and played a pivotal role in the club’s promotion to the First Division[12] (now known as the Premier League in the UK) in 1981-1982 as Second Division champions, where he won back-to-back ‘Player of the Year’ awards (1980–1982).[13] Hill was a part of the 1988 Littlewoods Cup final-winning team that won their first – and only to date – major trophy as they beat Arsenal 3-2 at Wembley Stadium in front of 98k fans.[14]  They returned to the final again in 1989, only this time to experience defeat to Brian Clough’s Nottingham Forest by 3-1.[15][16]

1982 to 1986 (England National Team)

[edit]

Ricky Hill represented England at U18, U21, and Senior International levels,[3] making his debut under Sir Bobby Robson, coming on as a substitute in the 1982 European Championship qualifier against Denmark in Copenhagen which resulted in a 2-2 draw.[17] The following month Hill made his full starting debut against West Germany at Wembley in a 1-2 defeat.[18] Hill missed out on the 1983 Australia tour due to an injury that required surgery.[4]  While being selected to the provisional 26-man squad for the 1986 World Cup Finals in Mexico, Hill was placed on standby after the squad was reduced to a 22-man traveling party.[4]

Hill was the fourth Black player to play for England’s senior National team and the first British South Asian to represent England at the senior level.[4] He was capped three times in total for England, with his last appearance being against Egypt on 29 January 1986.[19]

1989 to 1990 (Le Havre – France)

[edit]

In 1989, Hill moved on a free transfer to Le Havre in the French Second Division,[20] where he was recommended to the club by Gerard Houllier, former Manager of the France national team, Paris St. Germain, Liverpool, and Aston Villa.[21]   Whilst at Le Havre, Hill played under head coach Pierre Mankowski who went on to become assistant manager to Raymond Domenech with the France national team.[22] Hill credits his time at Le Havre for providing him advanced insight into sports science and youth development of which the club is renowned.[4] Young players who came through the Le Havre academy system include Paul Pogba, Riyad Mahrez, Lassana Diarra, Benjamin Mendy, and Dimitri Payet.[23]

1990 to 1991 (Leicester City FC – UK)

[edit]

In 1990, Hill transferred to Leicester City FC, rejoining David Pleat for a brief spell who had been his manager at Luton Town FC previously.[24]

1991 to 1992 (Tampa Bay Rowdies – USA)

[edit]

In 1991, Hill moved abroad to be Player/Coach with the Tampa Bay Rowdies in the US.[25]

1993 to 1994 (Chertsey Town FC - UK)

[edit]

In 1993, Hill played for Chertsey Town FC in the UK with former professionals including Kenny Sansom (Arsenal, Crystal Palace, England), Francis Joseph (Sheffield United, Wimbledon, Brentford) and Terry Rowe (Brentford, Tampa Bay Rowdies).[26]

1994 to 1995 (Cocoa Expos – USA)

[edit]

In 1994, Hill moved back to the US to be the Technical Director/Player Coach with the Cocoa Expos.[4]

Coaching career

[edit]

1992 to 1996 (USA)

In 1992 Ricky Hill was introduced to Rodney Marsh, then CEO of the Tampa Bay Rowdies, who were part of the American Professional Soccer League (APSL), the only professional soccer league in the US at the time.[27] The Tampa Bay Rowdies afforded Hill’s first opportunity in coaching where Marsh appointed Hill as Player/Coach six weeks after Hill’s arrival in the US.[25] That season saw the Rowdies appear in both the League Championship final and the Professional Cup final,[28][29] in addition to Hill also being awarded ‘Coach of the Year’ amongst other notable player accolades such as Best Passer, All-Star First Team, Second Best Technical Player as voted by press correspondents.[30]

Hill returned to the UK briefly before once again heading back to the US in 1994 as the Technical Director/Player Coach of the Cocoa Expos organization in the United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) and as an Assistant Coach at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) from 1994 to 1996.[4]  During his time with the Cocoa Expos, the franchise won the Southern Regional title before losing to the Richmond Kickers in the USISL Championship finals.[31][32] For the 1995 season, the Cocoa Expos held esteemed records of scoring the most goals and conceding the least goals across all USISL professional teams.[33]

1996 to 2000 (England)

David Pleat was now managing Premiership club Sheffield Wednesday FC and headhunted Hill with an offer to join their organization.[34] Despite having experienced another successful period in the USA, Hill took up the post in 1996 with the remit of coaching Sheffield Wednesdays’ young apprentices (16–19 years old), preparing them for their next steps towards becoming professional players.[28] Hill and Charlie Williamson had great success in the elevation of 16 out of 18 players being granted professional contracts over a two-year period. Players from that cohort who went on to have lengthy professional careers include Steven Haslam (Sheffield Wednesday), Leigh Bromby (Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United, Leeds, Watford, Huddersfield Town), Alan Quinn (Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United, Ipswich Town), Derek Geary (Sheffield Wednesday, Sheffield United), Kevin Nicholson (Sheffield Wednesday, Notts County, Torquay United), Peter Holmes (Luton Town, Chesterfield, Rotherham United), and Junior Agogo (Sheffield Wednesday, Nottingham Forest, Bristol Rovers, San Jose Earthquakes, Colorado Rapids).  In 1999 the U19 side finished runner-up in the Premiership Academy Cup, losing 1-0 after extra time to the West Ham FA Youth Cup winning side[35] that included future England internationals Joe Cole, Michael Carrick, and a host of future premiership and league players.

Whilst at Sheffield Wednesday, Hill collaborated in 1998 with the American MLS Project-40 program (now known as Generation Adidas), an elite National soccer development program for young MLS players; Project-40 players such as Ubsusuko Abukusumo (Columbus Crew) and Judah Crooks (DC United) were then invited back to Sheffield Wednesday for an extensive training period under Hill.[36] Project-40 raised Hill's visibility to DC United where he was downselected as one of two finalist candidates for the DC United Head Coaching position, a role to be vacated by Bruce Arena who was moving on to become the USA National Team Head Coach.[37]

In 1999, Tottenham Hotspur FC of the English Premier League recruited Hill to join Tottenham as Head Coach while leading player development in the Academy U16-17 setup.[38] While at Tottenham, Hill coached a talented cohort of young players such as Ledley King, Peter Crouch, Luke Young, Johnnie Jackson, Stephen Kelly, Dean Marney – all of whom went on to have notable professional careers, and in some cases represented their countries of birth at senior international levels.

Ricky Hill (2000)

In 2000 Luton Town FC, then of the English Football League One (EFL), approached Hill to be Manager, which he accepted having spent 14 years there as a player.[4] Unfortunately, Hill’s post ended after four months due to circumstances beyond his control where the club had financial challenges over the prior four years, was recently out of administration, and held a first team roster of 15 youth players where ~80% of the first team was released at the end of the season.[4]

2003 to 2004 (Trinidad & Tobago)

San Juan Jabloteh of the Trinidad and Tobago Professional League was Hill’s next coaching opportunity, after taking over from former England and club teammate Terry Fenwick.[39]  From 2003 to 2004 at San Juan Jabloteh as the Technical Director/Head Coach, Hill experienced unprecedented success with the club winning four out of the five competitions entered.[28][40] This includes the CFU competition which recognizes the winning team as the best professional club across the Caribbean with qualification to the CONCACAF Champions League for the winners.[41] After making it to the quarterfinals of the CONCACAF Champions League for the only time in the club’s history, San Juan Jabloteh became the first Caribbean club side to beat the Major League Soccer (MLS) Champions when defeating the Chicago Fire 5-2 in Port of Spain, Trinidad.[42] San Juan’s CFU Championship is the first and only time the club has won this prestigious trophy, where Hill was again awarded the ‘Coach of the Year'.[41]  During this successful run, San Juan Jabloteh provided the Trinidad and Tobago National team with 13 players who played during their only ever qualification for the World Cup Finals in Germany in 2006.[43]

2005 to 2010 (England)

Hill moved back to the UK where he was selected and interviewed by Sir Alex Ferguson at Manchester United FC in relation to a Reserve Team post and he made it through to the final two candidates for the position of Manchester United Reserve Team Manager (2nd Team). Hill then worked in the sports management industry, advising and mentoring several elite premiership and league players (e.g., Ashley Young, Matthew Taylor, Adrian Mariappa, Leigh Bromby, Harry Forrester, Richard Langley, Paul McLaren).[4]

2011 to 2016 (USA)

Hill returned to the US in January 2011 to coach the Tampa Bay Rowdies for a second time,[8][4] arguably the most recognized professional American club outside of the MLS. The Rowdies were now playing in the revamped North American Soccer League (NASL) after a league long term hiatus in the 80s.[44]  Hill initially joined the organization as Head Coach but also added the Technical Director role to his remit soon thereafter. In 2012 the Rowdies were crowned the NASL Champions defeating Minnesota Stars in the final.[45] This championship was the first for the club in 27 years, where Hill received another ‘Coach of the Year’ award.[8][46]  The following season in Open Cup competition, the Rowdies defeated the Seattle Sounders (MLS) 1-0 in the third round where the Sounders were cup finalists for five consecutive years prior;[47] the Rowdies beat the Sounders despite losing caliber players like Luke Mulholland, Fafa Picault, and Jeff Attinella to the MLS at the end of the 2012 Championship season.[47]  During Hill’s four-year tenure, the club was awarded three Fair Play awards out of a possible four, demonstrating the disciplined environment that Hill created throughout that period.[48][49][50]

Hill’s contract with the Tampa Bay Rowdies ended in 2016, and he has since been involved in several sports industry and player development programs across the USA, England, and Jamaica.[51][52][4] His coaching success with 4 championship appearances in the US at the professional level reinforces his standing as one of the most successful Black coaches in the history of US professional soccer.[4]

2023 to 2024 (Turks & Caicos)

In 2023 Hill was named head coach of the Turks & Caicos Islands national team.[53]

Publications

[edit]

In 2021, Hill penned the autobiography Love of the Game – Ricky Hill: The Man Who Brought the Rooney Rule to the UK,[4] which was nominated as a finalist for the 2022 Sports Books Awards[9] in association with The Sunday Times (UK).

Synopsis of “Love of the Game – Ricky Hill[4]

"Ricky Hill grew up beneath the shadow of Wembley Stadium, where he sold programmes at England games as a boy. When he was seven, he was told by a teacher that only two in every hundred boys could possibly make it as a professional footballer. Ricky told her he would be one of the two. Ten years later, this gifted midfielder scored on his debut for Luton Town. Ricky stayed with Luton for 14 years, made 506 League and Cup appearances, and became a club legend. Emerging at a time when racism was rife, he was only the fourth Black player to represent England. Later, as a coach, he had to fight to smash down barriers holding back Black managers and devised an equivalent of the NFL's 'Rooney Rule' to help Black applicants secure senior coaching jobs in English football. While Ricky has won trophies and awards overseas, he has been overlooked in this country. In Love of the Game, he tells the shocking story behind his short spell in charge of Luton and reveals just how much the football decision-makers in England have ignored him and other Black coaches."[4] -- Reproduced from “Love of the Game – Ricky Hill: The Man Who Brought the Rooney Rule to the UK”, 2021 with permission from Pitch Publishing Ltd (ISBN 9781785318269)

Media Reviews of Love of the Game – Ricky Hill

  • "Hill's story is a perfect example of how racism of a different kind, that which manifests itself in unconscious bias, still appears to exist... Hill, who won three England caps under Bobby Robson, has not given up on a return to coaching even at the age of 62. This book stands as powerful advocacy for his cause."[54] -- Backpass Magazine
  • "An excellent book, an easy read but not a comfortable one."[54] -- Verite Sport

Honors

[edit]

Ricky Hill Honors as Player

International Recognition

  • 1982 – 1983 & 1985 – 1986 – Three England Senior International appearances[55]
  • 1984 – England U21 International[4]
  • 1976 – England Youth International[4]

Club Recognition

  • 1992 – American Professional Soccer League player awards with the Tampa Bay Rowdies: Best Passer, All-Star First Team, Second Best Technical Player[30]
  • 1989 – Runner-up of the Littlewoods Cup Final with Luton Town FC losing 3-1 to Nottingham Forest FC[16]
  • 1988 – Winner of the Littlewoods Cup Final with Luton Town FC defeating Arsenal FC 3-2 in Wembley Stadium[14]
  • 1981 – 1982 – Promotion to Division One with Luton Town FC; awarded Player of the Year in back-to-back years[13][56]

Ricky Hill Honors as Coach

2011 – 2014 – Tampa Bay Rowdies as Technical Director & Head Coach

  • 2012 – North American Soccer League (NASL) Soccer Bowl Champions[45]
  • 2012 – North American Soccer League (NASL) Coach of the Year[46]
  • Fair Play Award Winners in 2011, 2012, and 2014 (NASL)[48][49][50]

2003 – 2004 – CL Financial San Juan Jabloteh as Technical Director & Head Coach

  • 2003 – Trinidad and Tobago Pro League Coach of the Year[41][57]
  • 2003 – Trinidad and Tobago Pro League Champion; winners of the First Citizens Cup, the DIGICEL Pro Bowl and the Caribbean Football Union Cup (CFU) (which represents the best professional club across the Caribbean region)[28][57]
  • 2004 – Quarterfinalist in the CONCACAF Champions League[28][57]
  • 2004 – Victory of the CFU qualified Jabloteh as one of 8 teams to participate in the CONCACAF Club Championship Tournament[28][57]

1996 – 1999 – Sheffield Wednesday FC as U19 Head Coach

  • 1999 – Premier League Academy Cup U19 runner-up, losing to West Ham United[35]

1994 – 1996 – Cocoa Expos as Technical Director & Player Coach

  • 1995 – USISL Premier League Eastern Division Champions[31][32]
  • 1995 – USISL Championship runner-up, losing to Richmond Kickers[31][32]
  • 1995 – Team record of scoring the most # of goals and conceding the least # of goals in the USISL[33]

1992 – Tampa Bay Rowdies as Head Coach & Player

  • 1992 – American Professional Soccer League (APSL) Coach of the Year[30]
  • 1992 – American Professional Soccer League (APSL) runner-up[29]
  • 1992 – Professional Cup runner-up to Colorado Foxes[29]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dunk, Peter, ed. (1987). Rothmans Football Yearbook 1987–88. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-356-14354-5.
  2. ^ Formerly known as FC Tampa Bay through 2011.
  3. ^ a b c "Profile of Ricky Hill: Info, news, matches and statistics | BeSoccer".
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Hill, Ricky Anthony (2021). Love of the game : the man who brought the Rooney Rule to the UK. Adrian Durham. London. ISBN 978-1-78531-826-9. OCLC 1201655692.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ "1992 Tampa Bay Rowdies Division II and III soccer Roster on StatsCrew.com". Statscrew.com. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  6. ^ Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. "Tampa Bay Rowdies (1992)". National-football-teams.com. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  7. ^ "Rowdies' Hill is coach of year, first-team pick". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  8. ^ a b c "Rowdies sign Ricky Hill to three-year coaching contract". boxscorenews.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  9. ^ a b "Love of the Game". Sports Book Awards. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  10. ^ [1]
  11. ^ "Luton Town vs Bristol Rovers 1975/1976 | Hatters Heritage". Hattersheritage.co.uk. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  12. ^ "Luton Town FC history". Footballhistory.org. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  13. ^ a b Luton Town FC. 1981-82 Division Two Champions. A review of one of the great Hatters seasons., retrieved 4 September 2022
  14. ^ a b 1988 Littlewoods Cup Final - Luton Town 3-2 Arsenal, retrieved 4 September 2022
  15. ^ "Classic matches: The 1989 League Cup Final". Nottingham Forest News. 18 June 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  16. ^ a b League Cup Final 1989 Luton Town v Nottingham Forest, retrieved 4 September 2022
  17. ^ "England Match No. 570 - Denmark - 22 September 1982 - Match Summary and Report". Englandfootballonline.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  18. ^ England 1-2 West Germany (1982), retrieved 4 September 2022
  19. ^ "Egypt vs England - International Friendly 1986: all the info, lineups and events". Besoccer.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  20. ^ "Le Havre Players 1989/1990". Footballdatabase.eu. 7 October 2022.
  21. ^ "Gérard Houllier Manager Profile, Record & Stats | Premier League". Premierleague.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
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  23. ^ "13 familiar players Le Havre's youth system has given football". Football News. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  24. ^ "Leicester City - Squad 1990/1991". Worldfootball.net. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  25. ^ a b "1992 Tampa Bay Rowdies Division II and III soccer Roster on StatsCrew.com". Statscrew.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  26. ^ "Profile of Ricky Hill: Info, news, matches and statistics | BeSoccer". Besoccer.com. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  27. ^ "Timeline". Ussoccer.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  28. ^ a b c d e f "Ricky Hill: Information, teams and honours". Besoccer.com. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  29. ^ a b c Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. "Tampa Bay Rowdies (1992)". National-football-teams.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  30. ^ a b c "Rowdies' Hill is coach of year, first-team pick". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  31. ^ a b c "Past Champions". Usadultsoccer.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  32. ^ a b c "1994 Cocoa Expos Division II and III soccer Roster on StatsCrew.com". Statscrew.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  33. ^ a b "Cocoa Expos | SoccerStats.us". 17 September 2022.
  34. ^ "Manager profile for David Pleat - LFChistory - Stats galore for Liverpool FC!". Lfchistory.net. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  35. ^ a b "West Ham United Statistics". Westhamstats.info. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  36. ^ "MLS: Project-40 Roster for England Tour Announced". Socceramerica.com. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  37. ^ Lewis, Michael (14 May 2019). "A QUICK LOOK: At Bruce Arena's coaching resume". Front Row Soccer. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  38. ^ "Tottenham 1998/1999". 7 October 2022.
  39. ^ "San Juan Jabloteh - Historical squads". Worldfootball.net. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  40. ^ "Turning Pro". Ttjabloteh.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  41. ^ a b c "Phillips praises Pro League". Trinidadandtobagonews.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  42. ^ "Fire Falls 5-2 to CL Financial San Juan Jabloteh". OurSports Central. 17 March 2004. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  43. ^ "2006 FIFA World Cup Germany : Trinidad and Tobago". Fifa.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  44. ^ "Home | NASL". Nasl.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  45. ^ a b Highlights of Tampa Bay Rowdies vs. Minnesota Stars - NASL Finals 2nd Leg - Oct. 27, 2012, retrieved 4 September 2022
  46. ^ a b "Ricky Hill Named NASL Coach of the Year". Nasl.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  47. ^ a b Highlights of Tampa Bay Rowdies vs. Seattle Sounders FC - 2013 U.S. Open Cup - May 29, 2013, retrieved 4 September 2022
  48. ^ a b "Rowdies Win Fair Play Award". Nasl.com. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  49. ^ a b "Rowdies Earn Second Consecutive Fair Play Award". OurSports Central. 27 September 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  50. ^ a b Bailey, Brian (23 March 2016). "Rowdies Shoot For Championship". I Love the Burg. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  51. ^ "Ricky Hill". Evolution Soccer Club. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  52. ^ "Ricky Hill eager to bring unique skill set to Montego Bay United". jamaica-gleaner.com. 13 January 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  53. ^ "Footy Stats - Football Manager Stats".
  54. ^ a b "Love of the Game by Ricky Hill | Waterstones". 7 October 2022.
  55. ^ "englandstats.com | 958 Ricky Hill (1982 - 1986)". Englandstats.com. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
  56. ^ "Luton Town FC | Luton Town FC - A Brief History". Lutontown.co.uk. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
  57. ^ a b c d "Turning Pro". Ttjabloteh.com. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
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